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India-One name different Things :)


Hello friends, I started this blog to post some information about india, so the people from different corners of the world will know some facts about "india". "India" is the one name but you will get a variety of different things everywhere here from different type of people, their living styles are different from each other, their businesses and works are different, their wearing styles are different, their languages are different, states are different and so many other things are different from each other but still they live under one roof named as "India". 

I am missing the days of my childhood, where we were wrote some essays on India like "India's Unity in Diversity", India, My country India etc. but now I am a 24 years old as my age grows up some little things comes closer to me about india. I learned or heard many things about india. 

So, India is the country where you will get total feel like heaven at some places whereas hell at some places but you will enjoy every aspect of living human lives here. you will get happiness, sadness, emotions, everything everything that you want here and this is the perfect place on earth to enjoy the life.

India is a country of many ethnic groups, over 1,650 spoken languages, dialects, regional variations—a land of myriad tongues—numerous modes of apparel and countless mannerisms. For the most part, the continental size of the country accounts for the variations and diversities.

Culture and civilisation are admittedly difficult to define, though both these signify certain identi­fiable trends and traits of character, especially restraint, consideration for others and a high degree of tolerance.

Besides, there are many religions, sects and beliefs. At times the wide differences seem to predominate, and the resultant disharmony is regarded by many as irreme­diable, a phenomenon that the 100 crore people (ours is the second most populous country) have to live with, whether they like it or not.

The cynics even regard the Indian people as quarrelsome, often at each other's throat, denouncing others as if they were inveterate enemies holding irreconcilable ideas and subscribing to ideals totally different from theirs.

But those who stick to this impression ignore a vital factor there is a basic unity which runs through the Indian mainstream of life and thought. There is a traditional culture which is truly oriental and which conforms to the teachings and precepts of our saints and sages.

The lack of culture becomes evident even from the language and the dialect one uses, the conduct and manner of living, one's gestures in social life, the tendency to have a closed mind, with doors and windows shut as if to disallow the inflow of fresh ideas and other viewpoints.

Every process of exclusion betrays lack of culture, just as every trend indicating a willingness to broaden one's outlook shows a commendable cultural trait. The same idea is often put in different words: static culture envisages decay, just as dynamism ensures survival.

It is the dynamism and the flexibility that have enabled Indian culture to survive despite its many diversities and heavy odds. Through these di­versities runs a common stream, as it were, and the similarity and unity of outlook can be noticed from North to South and East to West. Indian culture is actually a continuous synthesis, and has absorbed many external influences in the course of history.

A significant recognition of the fusion of cultural trends comes through t he Constitution (Article 51-A), which says, interalia, that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.

Among the other Fundamental Duties mentioned in that Article is "to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic and re­gional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to women..." All these are indicative of cultural development.

Calm reflection will show that attempts to enforce complete unity and disallow any differences of thought and approach in a large country like India would prove counter-productive and self-defeating. People can hold different views on life, religion, social, economic and political systems and yet they can be cultured.

Who, can deny that the people of India have throughout history honoured saints, sages, religious preachers and philosophers, seldom showing veneration for military heroes, triumphant warriors and commanders, except transitory praise and adulation. Those who have fought for cultural freedoms and political independence, which ensures such freedom and the implicit liberties to pursue cultural pursuits, have commanded large and loyal following.

Had it not been for the tolerance shown by the people of India during the rule of the Mughals and other outsiders, who brought in their own tradi­tions and sought to impose them on this country, the amorphous, flexible Indian culture would have lost its moorings.

The Indian mind has assimi­lated much of the thinking of other cultures, thus enriching itself and making itself durable and virtually indestructible. The Western concepts and modes of dress, the English language, the study of English classics and European philosophers' works, even though they emphasised thoughts and beliefs dif­ferent from those of the Indian people, have not been spurned. Rather, a good part of these has become almost a part of the Indian way of living and think­ing, especially in the urban areas.

The English-knowing elite exist alongside the Indian language enthusiasts, without tensions. The Western culture has always laid stress on materialism, while the Eastern, especially Indian, culture has been closely linked with spiritualism, simplicity, filial duty and affection, austerity, tolerance and harmony. Both are tolerated in this country.

It is, however, a pity that in recent years the communal clashes, the increasing evidence of intolerance and disharmony, the apparently endless discord, the open clashes at public meetings, and the all-too-frequent de­nunciation of each other have increased so much as to indicate that the people are forgetting their, true culture, and are allowing themselves to be exploited by selfish, uncultured people who seek to disrupt and destroy rather than build and consolidate.

The real strength of Indian culture lies in basic unity, vigour and the ability to contain an amazing diversity within itself. In this country there are people who belong to opposite schools of thought and who never seem to agree on anything. And yet, the concepts of one basic culture and one nation have continued.

Another notable characteristic of Indian culture is that it has always been based on moral and religious values; on these values the outlook shows an amazing similarity, almost throughout the country. Of course, there are groups which seem to be always on the war-path, and there are dissidents who question the basic framework on which the Indian polity is based, but they constitute a very small fraction of the total population.

Moreover, in every large country there are always people who are virtual rebels in thought and deed, and who wish to demolish rather than construct. Even in the advanced countries, such as the U.S.A., there are people who are outside the pale of law, who do not subscribe to the distinct American way of life. The same holds good of the British people.

Some Britons are opposed to the centuries old institution of monarchy and regard it as superfluous and an anachronism in the modem age of democracy. But they are as loyal to their country as the others, and they not only stick to the British culture, but are proud of it.

India is a secular State, and the people, with a few exceptions, have reverence for every faith; there is no effort to impose one religion on other. The Constitution itself, framed with the full consent of the people, guaran­tees the freedom of thought and expression. The Constitution does not recognise distinctions based on religion, sex or caste, or any other factor.

Modernism co-exists with orthodoxy, as does progressive thought with conservatism, and even reactionary trends. The broad features of the Hindu culture, (which is not linked to the Hindu religion but is broadly Indian culture). It is not fixed or static but is constantly adapting itself to changed conditions, thus responding favourably to new challenges; tolerance of conflicting beliefs, liberalism and broadmindedness; emphasis on ethical conduct and spiritualism; control of passions and temper; justice and truth, and disdain of wealth and the pleasures of the senses.

Spiritual perfection is eagerly sought and preached; moral principles, duty and "dharma" are assiduously propagated, especially at pilgrim centers.

Indian culture, in fact, represents a synthesis on many strains. It con­tains the best features of many traditions of other lands. Undoubtedly, cer­tain corrupt influences and distortions have crept in, but these aberrations have not affected the basis, which is solid, not shaky in any sense.

Assam


Assam is a northeastern state of India. Its capital is Dispur, located at Guwahati. Guwahati is also known as the North-Eastern corridor of India. Located south of the eastern Himalayas, Assam comprises the Brahmaputra and the Barak river valleys along with the Karbi Anglong and the North Cachar Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles (78,438 km²). Assam is surrounded by six of the other Seven Sister States: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya. These states are connected to the rest of India via a narrow strip in West Bengal called the Siliguri Corridor or "Chicken's Neck".

Assam also shares international borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh; and cultures, peoples and climate with South-East Asia – important elements in India’s Look East policy. Assam became a part of the British India after the British occupied the region following the First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824–1826. It is known for Assam tea, large and old petroleum resources, Assam silk and for its rich biodiversity. Assam has successfully conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the tiger and numerous species of birds, and it provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for wildlife tourism, and Kaziranga and Manas are both World Heritage Sites. Assam was also known for its Sal tree forests and forest products, much depleted now. A land of high rainfall, Assam is endowed with lush greenery and the mighty river Brahmaputra, whose tributaries and oxbow lakes provide the region with a unique hydro-geomorphic and aesthetic environment. It was at Assam where the first oil resources of India had been found out.

The precise etymology of "Assam" in unknown. In the classical period and up to the 12th century the region east of the Karatoya river, largely congruent to present-day Assam, was called [[Candy ]], and alternatively, Pragjyotisha. In medieval times the Mughals used Asham, and during British colonialism, the English used Assam. Though many authors have associated the name with the 13th century Shan invaders the precise origin of the name is not clear. It was suggested by some that the Sanskrit word Asama ("unequalled", "peerless", etc.) was the root, which has been rejected by Kakati, and more recent authors have concurred that it is a latter-day Sanskritization of a native name.Among possible origins are Tai (A-Cham) and Bodo (Ha-Sam).

Assam state and adjoining regions have evidences of human settlements from all the periods of the Stone ages, but there are no archeological evidence of bronze- or iron-age culture. The hills at the height of 1,500–2,000 feet (460 to 615 m) were popular habitats probably due to availability of exposed doleritic basalt useful for tool-making.

According to the Kalika Purana (c.7th–8th AD), written in Assam, the earliest ruler of Assam was Mahiranga Danav followed by Hatak, Sambar, Ratna and Ghatak; Naraka removed this line of rulers and established his own Naraka dynasty. It mentions that the last of the Naraka-bhauma rulers, Narak, was slain by Krishna. Naraka's son Bhagadatta, mentioned in the Mahabharata, fought for the Kauravas in the battle of Kurukshetra with an army of kiratas, chinas and dwellers of the eastern coast. Later rulers of Kamarupa frequently drew their lineage from the Naraka rulers. However, there is much evidence that Mahayana Buddhism was prominent in ancient Assam. After Hi-uen Shang's visit Mahayana Buddhism came to Assam. Relics of Tezpur, Malini Than, Kamakhya and Madan Kam Dev Temple are the evidences of Mahayana Buddhism.


Arunachal Pradesh


Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India. Located in northeast India, Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the north. Itanagar is the capital of the state. China claims most of the state as part of Tibet and calls the disputed area South Tibet.

Arunachal Pradesh means "land of the dawn-lit mountains". Literally it means "land of the rising sun" (Sanskrit: Arun: Sun, Pradesh: state, province or region) in reference to its position as the easternmost state of India. It is also known as the "Orchid State of India" and the "Paradise of the Botanists". It is the biggest of the group of eastern states commonly known as Seven Sisters. Like other parts of Northeast India, a majority of the people native to the state are of Tibeto-Burman origin. A large and increasing number of migrants have reached Arunachal Pradesh from many other parts of India, though no reliable population count of the migrant population exists, and percentage estimates of total population accordingly vary widely. Arunachal Pradesh has the largest number of regional languages among Indian states.

The history of pre-modern Arunachal Pradesh remains shrouded in mystery. Oral histories possessed to this day by many Arunachali tribes of Tibeto-Burman stock are much richer and point unambiguously to a northern origin in modern-day Tibet. Again corroboration remains difficult. From the point of view of material culture it is clear that most indigenous Arunachali groups align with Burma-area hill tribals, a fact that could either be explainable in terms of a northern Burmese origin or from westward cultural diffusion.

From the same perspective the most unusual Arunachali group by far is the Puroik/Sulung, whose traditional staple food is sago palm and whose primary traditional productive strategy is foraging. While speculatively considered to be a Tibeto-Burman population, the uniqueness of Puroik culture and language may well represent a tenuous reflection of a distant and all but unknown pre-Tibeto-Burman, Tai and Indo-Aryan past.

According to the Arunachal Pradesh government, the region was mentioned in the Hindu texts Kalika Purana and Mahabharata, and is attested to be the Prabhu Mountains of the Puranas, and was where sage Parashuram washed away sins, the sage Vyasa meditated, King Bhishmaka founded his kingdom and Lord Krishna married his consort Rukmini.

Recorded history from an outside perspective only became available in the Ahom chronicles of the 16th century. The Monpa and Sherdukpen do keep historical records of the existence of local chiefdoms in the northwest as well. Northwestern parts of this area came under the control of the Monpa kingdom of Monyul, which flourished between 500 B.C. and 600 A.D. This region then came under the loose control of Tibet and Bhutan, especially in the Northern areas. The remaining parts of the state, especially those bordering Myanmar, came under the titular control of the Ahom and the Assamese until the annexation of India by the British in 1858. However, most Arunachali tribes remained in practice largely autonomous up until Indian independence and the formalization of indigenous administration in 1947.

Recent excavations of ruins of Hindu temples such as the 14th century Malinithan at the foot of the Siang hills in West Siang are somewhat automatically associated with the ancient history of Arunachal Pradesh, inasmuch as they fall within its modern-day political borders. However, such temples are generally south-facing, never occur more than a few kilometers from the Assam plains area, and are perhaps more likely to have been associated with Assam plains-based rather than indigenous Arunachali populations. Another notable heritage site, Bhismaknagar, has led to suggestions that the Idu (Mishmi) had an advanced culture and administration in pre-historical times. Again, however, no evidence directly associates Bhismaknagar with this or any other known culture. The third heritage site, the 400-year-old Tawang Monastery in the extreme north-west of the state, provides some historical evidence of the Buddhist tribal people. The sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso was born in Tawang.

Andhra Pradesh


Andhra Pradesh abbreviation A.P. is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the country's southeastern coast. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west.

According to the Planning Commission of India, in the financial year 2011-12 the state was second in nominal GDP, and in GDP per capita it ranks fourth. Andhra Pradesh GDP in financial year 2011 was INR567,636 crore (US$98 billion). It is historically called the "Rice Bowl of India". More than 77% of its crop is rice; Andhra Pradesh produced 17,796,000 tonnes (19,616,732 short tons) of rice in 2006. Two of the mega cities of the state Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam were listed among the top 15 cities contributing to India's overall Gross domestic product.

Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline of 972 km (604 mi) among the states of India. Two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna, run across the state. The small enclave (30 square kilometres (12 sq mi)) of Yanam, a district of Pondicherry, lies in the Godavari delta in the northeast of the state. The state comprises four regions: Telangana, Coastal Andhra, Hyderabad, and Rayalaseema. The state's most populous cities are Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur, Warangal, and Nellore (2011 census).

The primary official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu and the co-official language is Urdu. Other languages often spoken in the state include Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Kannada and Oriya.

On 1 November 1956, the States Reorganisation Act formed Andhra Pradesh by merging Telugu-speaking areas of Andhra State with the already existing Hyderabad State. The Marathi speaking areas of Hyderabad State merged with Bombay State and Kannada speaking areas were merged with Mysore State.

Maharashtra


Maharashtra, is a state in the western region of India. It is the second most populous state after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India. Maharashtra is the wealthiest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.3% of its GDP (2006–2007 figures).

Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the north and northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the south, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast and Goa to the southwest. The state covers an area of 307,731 km2 (118,816 sq mi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India. Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is India's largest city and the financial capital of the nation. Nagpur is the second (Winter) capital of the state. Marathi is the state's official language.

Maharashtra is the world's second most populous first-level administrative country sub-division. Were it a nation in its own right, Maharashtra would be the world's tenth most populous country ahead of Mexico.

In the 17th century, the Marathas rose under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj against the Mughals, who ruled a large part of India. By 1760, Maratha power had reached its zenith with a territory of over 250 million acres (1 million km²) or one-third of the Indian sub-continent. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the empire ended and most of Maharashtra became part of Bombay State under a British Raj. After Indian independence, Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti demanded unification of all Marathi-speaking regions under one state. At that time, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was of the opinion that linguistic reorganisation of states should be done on a "One state – One language" principle and not on a "One language – One state" principle. He submitted a memorandum to the reorganisation commission stating that a "single government can not administer such a huge state as United Maharashtra". The first state reorganisation committee created the current Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960 (known as Maharashtra Day). The Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, Deccan states and Vidarbha (which was part of Central Provinces and Berar) united, under the agreement known as Nagpur Pact, to form the current state.

Government Body of Maharashtra State

As of 2009, the government of Maharashtra consists of 27 cabinet ministers and 10 ministers of state.

Department
Minister
Chief Minister, General Administration also Minister for Information and Public Relations Urban Development, Transport and Mines, Marathi Language
Prithviraj Chavan
Deputy Chief Minister and Finance& Planning and Energy
Ajit Pawar
Industries, Ports, Employment & Self-employment
Narayan Rane
Public Works [excluding Public Undertakings) and Tourism
Chhagan Bhujbal
Home Affairs
R R Patil
Forests, Rehabilitation & Relief Works, Earthquake Rehabilitation
Dr. Patangrao Kadam
Social Justice, Welfare of Nomadic, De-Notified Tribes & Other Backward Classes and De-addiction Activities.
Shivajirao Moghe
Agriculture and Marketing
Radhakrishna Vikhe-Patil
Rural Development
Jayant Rajaram Patil
Cooperation and Parliamentary Affairs
Harshwardhan Patil
State Excise and Non-conventional Energy
Ganesh Naik
Revenue and Khar Lands
Balasaheb Thorat
Water Supply and Sanitation
Lakshmanrao Dhobale
Food & Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection
Anil Deshmukh
Public Works [public undertakings]
Jaydatt Kshirsagar
Food & Drugs Administration
Manohar Naik
Medical Education and Horticulture
Vijaykumar Gavit
Water Resources [excluding Krishna Valley Irrigation Corporation]
Sunil Tatkare
Water Resources [Krishna Valley Irrigation Corporation]
Ramraje Naik-Nimbalkar
Tribal Development
Babanrao Pachpute
Higher & Technical Education
Rajesh Tope
School Education
Rajendra Darda
Textiles, Minorities Development
Naseem Khan
Public Health & Family Welfare and Protocol
Suresh Shetty
Labour and Special Assistance
Hassan Musharif
Employment Guarantee Scheme and Water Conservation
Dr.Nitin Kashinath Raut
Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries
Madhukar Chavan
Women and Child Development
Smt.Varsha Gaikwad
Environment and Cultural Affairs
Sanjay Devtale


Department
Minister
Water Supply & Sanitation, Food & Civil Supplies, Consumer Protection, Tourism and Public Works
Ranjit Kamble
Urban Development, Forests, Ports, Khar Lands, Parliamentary Affairs, Sports & Youth Welfare, Ex-Servicemen’s Welfare and Law & Judiciary
Revenue, Rehabilitation & Relief Work, Earthquake Rehabilitation, Co-operation, Marketing and Textiles
Prakash Solanke
Housing, Slum Improvement, Repairs & Reconstruction, Urban Land Ceiling, Industries, Mines, Social Justice, De-addiction Activities, Environment, Welfare of Nomadic, De-notified Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
Sachin Ahir
General Administration, Information & Public Relations, Cultural Affairs, Protocol, School Education, Women & Child Development, Public Health & Family Welfare, Minorities Development (including AUKAF)
Smt.Fouzia Khan
Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development, Fisheries, Water Conservation, Employment Guarantee Scheme, Employment & Self-Employment and Transport
Gulabrao Deokar
Home (Urban), Home (Rural), Rural Development, Food & Drugs Administration
Bunty Patil
Finance, Energy, Planning, Water Resources, Parliamentary Affairs and State Excise
Rajendra Mulak
Tribal Development, Labour, Command Area Development and Horticulture
Rajendra Gavit
Medical Education, Higher & Technical Education, Special Assistance and Non-Conventional Energy.
Dattatray Sawant


NCP has decided to drop the scam-tainted Maharashtra Minister for Urban Transport, Gulabrao Deokar from its party ranks after the Aurangabad Bench of the Bombay High Court rejected, on 6 August 2012, his bail application in 15 year old Jalgaon housing scam case.

Mahatma Gandhiji

Mahatma Gandhiji, I am listening this name from my childhood. He is the national hero in india and the people knows him as a "Bapuji or Mahatma Gandhiji". In every government offices in india you will see his photo framed on the wall of office. He is present on the currency of india. He is a very special in india and here I am posting few things about them.



His full name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi or Bapu (Father of Nation), was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.

The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Bania community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law in London. Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent of "communalism" (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj—the independence of India from British domination.

Gandhi led Indians in protesting the national salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in demanding the British to immediately Quit India in 1942, during World War II. He was imprisoned for that and for numerous other political offenses over the years. Gandhi sought to practice non-violence and truth in all situations, and advocated that others do the same. He saw the villages as the core of the true India and promoted self-sufficiency; he did not support the industrialization programs of his disciple Jawaharlal Nehru. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha. His chief political enemy in Britain was Winston Churchill, who ridiculed him as a half-naked fakir. He was a dedicated vegetarian, and undertook long fasts as means of both self-purification and political mobilization.

In his last year, unhappy at the partition of India, Gandhi worked to stop the carnage between Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs that raged in the border area between India and Pakistan. He was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse who thought Gandhi was too sympathetic to India's Muslims. 30 January is observed as Martyrs' Day in India. The honorific Mahatma ("Great Soul") was applied to him by 1914. In India he was also called Bapu ("Father"). He is known in India as the Father of the Nation; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and world-wide as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi's philosophy was not theoretical but one of pragmatism, that is, practicing his principles in the moment. Asked to give a message to the people, he would respond, "My life is my message."

this is few thing about him. I will also post more things about each every national heros here. so please keep patience and wait for next. :)
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